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Showing 1 to 20 of 22 for “"APOBEC3G"”.
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Restriction of Retrotransposition and Retroviral Infection by RNase L and APOBEC3G
… function. The interaction between RNase L and APOBEC3G during HIV-1 delta Vif infection was investigated in Chapter 3. I found both A3G and RNase L were packaged into HIV-1 delta Vif virions. Virions containing A3G in the absence of RNase L exhibited higher infectivity compared to virons …
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Structural studies of the deaminase domain of the human HIV-1 restriction protein APOBEC3G
… was discovered, in which the human protein APOBEC3G (A3G) plays an important role. A3G was identified as a single-strand DNA deaminase that potently inhibited the replication of the HIV-1ΔVif virus. It produces the nonfunctional provirus by deaminating the cytosines to uracils on the …
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Interactions Between APOBEC3 and Murine Retroviruses: Mechanisms of Restriction and Drug Resistance
… by mouse APOBEC3 in vivo. However, human APOBEC3G protein expressed in transgenic mice maintains antiviral restriction and actively deaminates viral genomes. The mechanism by which endogenous APOBEC3 proteins function is unclear. The mouse provides a system amenable to studying the …
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Biochemical and Structural Studies of RNA and DNA Editing Enzymes
… (adenosine deaminase acting on tRNA) and APOBEC3G (apolipoprotein B editing catalytic complex 3G), which deaminate adenosine in the wobble position (position 34) of tRNA and converts cytidine to uridine in single stranded DNA, respectively. Described herein, is the biochemical and …
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Structural studies of HIV-1 Vif and its SOCS-box domain
… system, which is suppressed by a cellular factor APOBEC3G in non-permissive cells. The viral infectivity factor (Vif) can induce a poly-ubiquitination degradation of APOBEC3G to counteract the immune response by forming an E3 ubiquitin complex composed of cellular proteins Elongin B (EloB), …
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Genetic and biochemical studies of human apobec family of proteins
… RNA binding proteins with substrate preferences. APOBEC3G targets the last cytosine (C) in a run of Cs (usually three Cs) whereas AID prefers to act on WRC (where W is A or T and R is purine) in DNA. Guided by the solution structures of the APOBEC3G carboxy terminal domain (A3G-CTD), two putative …
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Lethal Hypermutation Induced by the Innate Cellular Restriction Factor APOBEC Destroys HIV-1 in Infected Humanized Mice
… one such approach. The cytidine deaminases APOBEC3G and 3F have potent antiretroviral activity; however, they are neutralized by the HIV-1 Vif protein. In vitro, the absence of Vif allows the enzymatic activity of APOBEC3G and 3F to induce hypermutation of the HIV-1 genome. These …
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Probing RNA binding specificities of AID/APOBEC proteins by iCLIP
… in yeast and probed the RNA binding of AID and APOBEC3G, revealing different degrees of preference for small structured RNAs and recognition of particular sites within them. I then expanded the analysis to mammalian cells (HEK293T) and evaluated an extended set of APOBECs finding that, even in …
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Factors affecting replication and cross-species transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus
… HIV-1 replication is also inhibited by simian APOBEC3G but is able to evade restriction by human APOBEC3G by inducing its degradation through expression of accessory protein Vif. Viral entry and tissue tropism are determined by an interaction of the viral Env glycoprotein with a cell surface …
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Molecular Mechanisms and Host Factors Involved in HIV-1 Latency
… mutations in the HIV-1 LTR region, introduced by APOBEC3G/F, could lead to a latency-like phenotype. These latent viruses pose major hurdles for HIV-1 cure therapies. Our lab previously created a library of clones possessing mutations in the LTR introduced by A3G/F. Later, mutated LTRs were cloned …
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Charakterisierung von Mikrogliafunktionen im Simianen Immundefizienzvirus (SIV) - Rhesusaffentiermodell für AIDS
… Gene und des antiretroviralen Faktors APOBEC3G im Gehirngewebe und in Mikrogliazellen mit Hilfe der Echtzeit PCR untersucht. Diese zeigen ebenfalls eine positive Korrelation zur Viruslast. Neben den Mikrogliazellen konnten in allen Tieren Makrophagen und eine kleine Population …
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Virus restriction gene variants and their possible role in neurocognitive function in children born to HIV-infected mothers
… restriction genes; CCR2, CX3CR1, SDF1, RANTES, APOBEC3G and MBL2 and their possible role in HIV infection and neurocognitive function among children born to HIV infected mothers, recruited in Harare, Zimbabwe. A total of 116 children comprising of 73 perinatally exposed to HIV (34 who were born …
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The ancient and recurrent evolution of Apobec3 antiviral activity in primates
… that polymorphisms in Apobec3DE, Apobec3F, and Apobec3G decrease endogenous expression or antiviral activity against HIV-1. Interestingly, I find that Apobec3DE has evolved under purifying selection in humans, suggesting that mutations in Apobec3DE may be weakly deleterious. However, because the …
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The Impact of Host Factors on Retroviral Evolution and the Identification of a Novel Receptor That Was Used by an Ancient Primate Retrovirus
… CERV2 Gag was used in vitro to confirm that APOBEC3G was capable of restricting CERV2 infection. Therefore, it appears that primate APOBEC3 proteins were capable of targeting ancient primate gammaretroviruses. It remains possible that APOBEC3 proteins were able to limit the cross-species …
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INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE GLYCOSYLATED GAG PROTEIN OF A MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS AND MURINE APOBEC3: NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO HOW A MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS COUNTERACTS A RESTRICTION FACTOR
… innate defences against retroviral infections. APOBEC3G (hA3G) in humans and mouse APOBEC3 (mA3) deaminate cytidine in single-stranded DNA which ultimately results in hypermutation of newly synthesized proviral DNA. Other deaminase-independent mechanisms of inhibition have been identified, such …
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INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE GLYCOSYLATED GAG PROTEIN OF A MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS AND MURINE APOBEC3: NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO HOW A MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS COUNTERACTS A RESTRICTION FACTOR
… innate defences against retroviral infections. APOBEC3G (hA3G) in humans and mouse APOBEC3 (mA3) deaminate cytidine in single-stranded DNA which ultimately results in hypermutation of newly synthesized proviral DNA. Other deaminase-independent mechanisms of inhibition have been identified, such …
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The Intracellular Kinetics of HIV-1 Replication
… removal of the host restriction factor APOBEC3G, takes place within 2.5 hours following late gene expression. One of the major processes HIV-1 must complete before it can produce new virions is the clearance of antiviral restriction factors that can block the production of new infectious …
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Regulation of APOBEC3 activity and HIV-1 replication by P-body associated proteins
… several cellular proteins that interact with APOBEC3G (A3G) have now been identified. The most intriguing of these are the Argonaute proteins, as the interaction is at least partially resistant to RNase treatment. The Argonautes are integral components of RISC, which is involved in miRNA …
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Single-Stranded Dna Scanning And Deamination With Single-Molecule Resolution
… </p> <p>Degree: Doctor of Philosophy</p> <p>APOBEC3G (Apo3G) and Activation-Induced cytidine Deaminase (AID) are the most notable members of APOBEC enzymes, a family of cytidine (C) deaminases with crucial functions in the immune system. In T cells, Apo3G deaminates C in viral cDNA to halt …
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Reconstitution and Characterization of Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K
… occurring in vivo is presented in the context of APOBEC3G.</p>
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