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Showing 1 to 20 of 20 for “"APOBEC3"”.
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APOBEC3 Transcriptional Regulation and HIV-1 Restriction in T Lymphocytes
… T cells is mediated in part by members of the APOBEC3 family of DNA cytosine deaminases. In the absence of the viral Vif protein, multiple APOBEC3 enzymes can package into virions budding from an infected cell. Following virus entry into a new target cell, the APOBEC3 enzymes catalyze the …
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The Dynamic Interplay Between Lentiviral Vif and Human APOBEC3 Proteins
Four members of the APOBEC3 (A3) family of DNA cytosine deaminases are capable of inhibiting HIV-1 replication by deaminating viral cDNA cytosines and interfering with reverse transcription. HIV-1 counteracts restriction with its Vif protein, which nucleates a ubiquitin ligase complex that directly …
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The ancient and recurrent evolution of Apobec3 antiviral activity in primates
… present in the modern world. In primates, the Apobec3 family of host restriction factors is a group of seven cytidine deaminases that inhibit the replication of retroviruses and retrotransposons. Here, I characterize the antiviral activity of Apobec3DE across primate species and of Apobec3 …
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Interactions Between APOBEC3 and Murine Retroviruses: Mechanisms of Restriction and Drug Resistance
APOBEC3 proteins are important for antiretroviral defense in mammals. The activity of these factors has been well characterized in vitro, identifying cytidine deamination as an active source of viral restriction leading to hypermutation of viral DNA synthesized during reverse transcription. These …
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Regulation of APOBEC3 activity and HIV-1 replication by P-body associated proteins
… several cellular proteins that interact with APOBEC3G (A3G) have now been identified. The most intriguing of these are the Argonaute proteins, as the interaction is at least partially resistant to RNase treatment. The Argonautes are integral components of RISC, which is involved in miRNA …
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Diversity in APOBEC3 and CCR5 host genes and HIV-1 in a South African population
… activities of host restriction factors such as APOBEC3G protein, which is a member of the DNA cytosine deaminase family. Entry of HIV in to the host cell is through the attachment of the viral envelope glycoprotein to the CD4 receptor, and subsequent interaction, mainly with either CCR5 or CXCR4 …
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Charakterisierung der angeborenen Immunantwort in SIV-infizierten Rhesusaffen
… Einige Studien zeigten, dass eine erhöhte APOBEC3-Expression mit einer verringerten Virusbeladung HIV-Infizierter einhergeht, wohingegen andere Untersuchungen diesen Zusammenhang nicht belegen konnten. Somit ist letztendlich die Rolle der antiviralen Aktivität der APOBEC3-Proteine in der …
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Development of biophysical and Mass Spectrometry Assays for APOBEC3 cytosine deaminases: discovery and validation of cnvalent and non-covalent ligands
APOBEC3 enzymes are cytosine deaminase enzymes that catalyze the conversion of a cytosine base to uracil in single-stranded DNA. There are seven members of the APOBEC3 family – A3A/B/C/DE/F/G/H. APOBEC3 proteins are a part of the innate immune defense system against viral infection, and mutate the …
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The Impact of Host Factors on Retroviral Evolution and the Identification of a Novel Receptor That Was Used by an Ancient Primate Retrovirus
… history. Here we investigate whether TRIM5 and APOBEC3 antiviral factors were able to restrict the replication of CERV1 and CERV2. Such an interaction would imply a potential involvement of these proteins in the limited host range and, perhaps, even the extinction of CERV1 and CERV2. …
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INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE GLYCOSYLATED GAG PROTEIN OF A MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS AND MURINE APOBEC3: NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO HOW A MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS COUNTERACTS A RESTRICTION FACTOR
… innate defences against retroviral infections. APOBEC3G (hA3G) in humans and mouse APOBEC3 (mA3) deaminate cytidine in single-stranded DNA which ultimately results in hypermutation of newly synthesized proviral DNA. Other deaminase-independent mechanisms of inhibition have been identified, such …
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INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE GLYCOSYLATED GAG PROTEIN OF A MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS AND MURINE APOBEC3: NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO HOW A MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS COUNTERACTS A RESTRICTION FACTOR
… innate defences against retroviral infections. APOBEC3G (hA3G) in humans and mouse APOBEC3 (mA3) deaminate cytidine in single-stranded DNA which ultimately results in hypermutation of newly synthesized proviral DNA. Other deaminase-independent mechanisms of inhibition have been identified, such …
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Regulation of exogenous retroviruses and endogenous retroelements by MOV10
… Furthermore, MOV10 interacts with antiviral APOBEC3 proteins and core post-transcriptional RNA silencing machinery, all of which colocalise in cytoplasmic mRNA processing bodies and stress granules. Considering MOV10 cellular associations and homolog functions, the capacity of MOV10 to …
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Paleovirological Analyses of Endogenous Retroviruses and Host Innate Immune Effectors
… we found that the expression of mouse APOBEC3 was able to restrict the replication of ancML. However, inspection of endogenous MuERV-L sequences suggested that the impact of APOBEC3 mediated hypermutation on MuERV-L evolution was limited. We discussed the possibility that type I IFN …
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Molecular Mechanisms and Host Factors Involved in HIV-1 Latency
… Host-encoded retroviral restriction factors like APOBEC3 (A3) proteins are part of our intrinsic immune defences against retroviral infection, introducing mutations in viral replication intermediates. We hypothesize that low levels of G-to-A transition mutations in the HIV-1 LTR region, introduced …
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Restriction of Retrotransposition and Retroviral Infection by RNase L and APOBEC3G
… function. The interaction between RNase L and APOBEC3G during HIV-1 delta Vif infection was investigated in Chapter 3. I found both A3G and RNase L were packaged into HIV-1 delta Vif virions. Virions containing A3G in the absence of RNase L exhibited higher infectivity compared to virons …
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Factors affecting replication and cross-species transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus
… HIV-1 replication is also inhibited by simian APOBEC3G but is able to evade restriction by human APOBEC3G by inducing its degradation through expression of accessory protein Vif. Viral entry and tissue tropism are determined by an interaction of the viral Env glycoprotein with a cell surface …
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Investigating the regulation of APOBEC mutagenesis in cancer
… mutagenesis in cancer. There is a focus on APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B as likely mediators of APOBEC signature mutations, and a focus on the hypothesis that APOBEC activity might be driven by the activity of LINE-1 retrotransposons. Firstly, the thesis details experiments to investigate APOBEC …
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Development and Implementation of a Cervical Patch Sampling Approach for Cervical Screening and the Study of HPV Transmission
… fitness of PV via a possible interaction with APOBEC3. Alongside these observations around the E4 protein, we also assessed if E4 could be used to prognosticate on Cervical pre-cancerous lesions. Prior to investigating this we utilised our novel Patch sampling approach to assess if we could …