Global ETD Search
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Showing 1 to 19 of 19 for “"APOBEC"”.
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Investigating the regulation of APOBEC mutagenesis in cancer
… One common mutational signature, known as the APOBEC signature, is found in over 70% of cancer types. The APOBEC signature is thought to be mediated by the activity of the APOBEC enzyme family. However, the underlying cause of APOBEC activity in cancer is not fully understood. This thesis …
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Apobec-1 Complementation Factor (ACF) Binds and Regulates Multiple RNAs
… through interaction with ARE-Binding Proteins. Apobec-1 Complementation Factor: ACF) was originally identified as a co-factor in ApoB mRNA C to U editing, but has recently been implicated in regulation of mRNA stability as an ARE-Binding Protein. Here we have used tissue culture models with RNA …
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Genetic and biochemical studies of human apobec family of proteins
<p>The AID/APOBEC family of proteins in higher vertebrates converts cytosines in DNA or RNA into uracil. These proteins have essential roles in either innate immunity or adaptive immunity. Recently, AID has also been implicated in DNA demethylation in the context of early embryogenesis in mammals. …
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Probing RNA binding specificities of AID/APOBEC proteins by iCLIP
The AID/APOBEC protein family comprises a group of cytosine deaminases found in vertebrates that are capable of modifying cytosine to uracil in the context of RNA or singlestranded DNA. They exert diverse valuable physiological functions including antibody diversification and restriction of viral …
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Lethal Hypermutation Induced by the Innate Cellular Restriction Factor APOBEC Destroys HIV-1 in Infected Humanized Mice
… Identification of the innate immune factor, APOBEC, has revealed one such approach. The cytidine deaminases APOBEC3G and 3F have potent antiretroviral activity; however, they are neutralized by the HIV-1 Vif protein. In vitro, the absence of Vif allows the enzymatic activity of APOBEC3G and …
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A High-Throughput Approach to Uncover Novel Roles of APOBEC2, a Functional Orphan of the AID/APOBEC Family
<p>APOBEC2 is a member of the AID/APOBEC cytidine deaminase family of proteins. Unlike most of AID/APOBEC, however, APOBEC2's function remains elusive. Previous research has implicated APOBEC2 in diverse organisms and cellular processes such as muscle biology (in Mus musculus), regeneration (in …
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INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE GLYCOSYLATED GAG PROTEIN OF A MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS AND MURINE APOBEC3: NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO HOW A MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS COUNTERACTS A RESTRICTION FACTOR
<p>APOBEC proteins have evolved in mice and humans as potent innate defences against retroviral infections. APOBEC3G (hA3G) in humans and mouse APOBEC3 (mA3) deaminate cytidine in single-stranded DNA which ultimately results in hypermutation of newly synthesized proviral DNA. Other …
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INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE GLYCOSYLATED GAG PROTEIN OF A MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS AND MURINE APOBEC3: NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO HOW A MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS COUNTERACTS A RESTRICTION FACTOR
<p>APOBEC proteins have evolved in mice and humans as potent innate defences against retroviral infections. APOBEC3G (hA3G) in humans and mouse APOBEC3 (mA3) deaminate cytidine in single-stranded DNA which ultimately results in hypermutation of newly synthesized proviral DNA. Other …
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Pan-Cancer Genomic Characterization of Human Papillomavirus Associated Tumors
… with integrated HPV genomes showed increased APOBEC cytidine deaminase mutagenesis, frequent viral CNVs, and lower viral load. These findings suggest HPV integration occurs because of an APOBEC-mediated innate immune response to HPV infection, and tumors with immune suppression as the result …
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SOMATIC MUTATIONS AT FRAGILE ENHANCERS OF LINEAGE- IDENTITY EPITHELIAL GENES IN BREAST CANCER.
… patients showed increased frequency of APOBEC-mediated mutations at CtIP-bound enhancers, possibly leading to altered expression of their target genes and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
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The mutational landscape of normal urothelium
… Whole-genome sequencing reveals that APOBEC mutagenesis, which accounts for the majority of mutations in bladder cancer, occurs in normal urothelium, with variable exposure levels between clones. Additionally, we identify three novel mutational signatures, one of which is associated …
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The Intra-Tumour Heterogeneity Landscape of Human Cancers
… as the tumour evolves, while activity of the APOBEC associated signatures goes up.
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An Investigation of Mutational Signatures in the Evolution of Oesophageal adenocarcinoma
… correlated with signature proportions. APOBEC and colibactin processes were informative for Barrett’s and OAC classification, suggesting a role in transformation, and the BER signature (SBS30) was most prognostic in our cohort. Given that signatures have the potential to be clinically …
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Single-Stranded Dna Scanning And Deamination With Single-Molecule Resolution
… </p> <p>Degree: Doctor of Philosophy</p> <p>APOBEC3G (Apo3G) and Activation-Induced cytidine Deaminase (AID) are the most notable members of APOBEC enzymes, a family of cytidine (C) deaminases with crucial functions in the immune system. In T cells, Apo3G deaminates C in viral cDNA to halt …
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Modelling the Evolution of HIV-1 Protein-Coding Sequences with Particular focus on the early stages of Infection
… stages of infection. The analyses revealed that APOBEC-mediated hypermutation has an important role in early viral diversification and may enable rapid escape from the first wave of host immune responses. Several mutations in early infection that were likely to result in immune escape were …
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Transcriptome-Wide Characterization of APOBEC1-Catalyzed RNA Editing Events in Macrophages
… B mRNA Editing Catalytic polypeptide-1 (APOBEC1). The ADARs and APOBEC1 were originally characterized as catalysts for previously characterized biologically important RNA-editing events that resulted in specific coding changes; study of additional editing activity was limited by standard …
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Driver genes, mutational signatures and the timing of mutations in oesophageal adenocarcinoma
… include ageing, enzymatic DNA damage (by the APOBEC enzymes) and homologous recombination deficiency. Two novel signatures dominated the genomes and were seen only very rarely in tumours from other sites. These signatures may represent the action of mutagens in the novel environment found …
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Diversity in APOBEC3 and CCR5 host genes and HIV-1 in a South African population
… activities of host restriction factors such as APOBEC3G protein, which is a member of the DNA cytosine deaminase family. Entry of HIV in to the host cell is through the attachment of the viral envelope glycoprotein to the CD4 receptor, and subsequent interaction, mainly with either CCR5 or CXCR4 …
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Analysis of driver gene mutations in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
… SBS1, SBS2, and SBS13, implicating aging and AID/APOBEC (activation induced cytidine deaminase/apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit) activation in OSCC tumourigenesis. WGS analysis revealed three novel mutational signatures that had not been previously identified. Interestingly, …