Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 24 for “"5-hydroxymethylcytosine"”.
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Functional analysis of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine
Mammalian DNA methylathion is a chemical reaction catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and involves the addition of a methyl group from the methyl donor SAM to the carbon 5 position of cytosine (C) in a CpG dinucleotide. Specifically, DNA methylation is essential for normal development and …
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The Role of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Genome Instability
5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a modified base generated in vivo via the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) by members of the Ten Eleven Translocation (TET) dioxygenase enzyme family. Iterative oxidation of 5hmC to 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) is also TET-dependent. 5mC …
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Alterations in Genomic 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Level in Hepatocellular Cancer
… of oncogenes have been shown to initiate HCC. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), recently identified sixth base of the genome, can cause demethylation by its conversion to cytosine through reactions catalyzed by the TET enzymes. Research on the role of this novel modification in the liver and HCC …
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5-hydroxymethylcytosine and endonuclease G as regulators of homologous recombination
… the epigenetically modified nucleotide 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) was found to regulate vertebrate HR via interaction with the protein endonuclease G (EndoG). In this dissertation, I use biochemical/biophysical methods to elucidate the interaction between 5hmC and EndoG, thus working …
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ELUCIDATION OF MECHANISMS GENERATING 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE (5hmC) IN MAMMALIAN MITOCHONDRIA
… the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), an intermediate in the pathway of DNA demethylation. Tet enzymes catalyze this hydroxylation in a 2-oxoglutarate and Fe2+ dependent manner. We have recently reported significant levels of 5mC and 5hmC modification in …
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Developmental Dynamics of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine and its Role in the Terminal Differentiation of Neurons
… and terminal differentiation. Although 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), the oxidized form of 5-methylcytosine, accumulates to high levels in neuronal lineages and refines the genomic binding of MeCP2, the functional consequences of 5hmC deposition in differentiating neurons have not been …
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Epigenetic regulation by 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis and its implications for epidermal stem cell behavior
… in the DNA demethylation pathway, 5- hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) is an epigenetic marker that significantly influences gene expression, with major consequences for embryonic development, stem cell identity, and ultimately organ homeostasis. Keratinocyte stem cells (KSC) maintain a …
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Studies on approaches for sequencing cytosine modifications and the identification of their protein readers
… to directly detect 5-formylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in DNA oligonucleotides. Chapter 3 builds on a novel sequencing method providing double-stranded information on cytosine modifications in CpG contexts, to identify proteins interacting selectively with different combinations of …
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Mapping Bisulfite-Treated Short DNA Reads
… modifies cytosine to 5-methylcytosine or 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. Upon PCR amplification, the bisulfite treatment of DNA converts unmethylated cytosine to thymine, while 5-methylcytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, and other bases remain unchanged. The resulting sequences can be mapped to a …
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Characterising the role of TET2 in oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer
… DNA to several additional DNA modifications, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine. These results implied a potential role for GATA3 in modulating reading and writing of DNA modifications as part of the ER complex. In the context of the recently developing focus on …
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The HLA Complex Group 9 Gene Modification Study in Major Psychosis
… distribution of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in neural and non-neural tissue from mice and humans. 5-hmC has been recently found to be abundant in brain but its function is poorly understood. We assayed 5-hmC by using glucosylation coupled with restriction enzyme …
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Functional consequences of cytosine methylation in mitochondrial DNA catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase 1
… not only 5-methylcytosine (5mC), but also 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), suggesting that previous reports likely underestimated the degree of epigenetic modification within the mitochondrial genome. We questioned how these modifications were generated by looking for mitochondrial isoforms of …
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Nucleobase, Nucleoside, And Neighboring Nucleotides: Intrinsic Preferences For Tet Enzyme-Mediated Oxidation Of 5-Methylcytosine
… of DNA, 5-methylcytosine (mC) sequentially, to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC), 5-formylcytosine (fC), and 5-carboxycytosine (caC). The biochemical preference of TET enzymes for these substrates, in the canonical cytosine guanine dinucleotides (CpG), mimics the order in which they are generated and …
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The Role of TET Proteins in the Epigenetic Regulation of Neural Gene Expression and Behavior
… methylation by converting 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). 5hmC and its catalysts, the TET proteins, are highly abundant in the postnatal brain but with unclear functions. To investigate their neural functions, we generated new lines of Tet1 and Tet3 mutant mice using a gene …
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Decoding 5HMC as an Active Chromatin Mark in the Brain and its Link to Rett Syndrome
… frequently altered in neurological disorders. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), a recently identified DNA base derived from 5-methylcytosine, accounts for ~40% of modified cytosines in the neuronal genomes, suggesting that 5hmC is a stable epigenetic mark and its interpretation in the nervous …
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Dynamic epigenetic modifications during human fetal germ cell development
… demonstrated that the existence of 5mC and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) were synchronous rather than alternate. Determination of the levels of TET (ten-eleven translocation) proteins (TET 1, 2 and 3) reveal higher levels during the 1st trimester, with subsequent reductions in levels with …
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Programming of cardiovascular disease: an exploration of epigenetic mechanisms
… recently identified cytosine modifications; 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5- formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC), has not been characterised during germ cell ontogeny. Using immunofluorescence to study DNA modifications during late gestation I identified that 5hmC, 5fC and 5caC …
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Mechanism and Function of TrkB.T1 Astrocyte Expression
… thus profiled the 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in neurons, astrocytes and microglia utilizing nanopore sequencing. We identified robust differences in cell-type specific TrkB isoform expression is associated with significantly different 5mC and 5hmC patterns in …
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Tet1: A Unique Dna Demethylase For Maintenance of Dna Methylation Pattern
… which consecutively convert 5mC into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine both in vitro and in mammalian cells. Based on their potent oxidative activities on 5mC, TET proteins have shown great potential as the long-sought DNA demethylases that induce …
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Characterization of 5-methylcytosine dioxygenase Tet2 and rescue of mutant Tet2 activity by using turbo co-substrate
… the oxidation of 5mC at CpH sites produces 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxycytosine (5caC) bases in DNA. After 5mCpG, which is the preferred substrate, TET2 prefers 5mCpC as a substrate, followed by 5mCpA and 5mCpT. Because the TDG/BER pathway can convert …
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