Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
Results
Showing 1 to 20 of 83 for “"β-cells"”.
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Evaluating Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Pancreatic β-Cells
… on the health and function of pancreatic β-cells. The variants of ERα differ in the presence of two activation function (AF) domains, which regulate transcriptional activities. ERα66 possesses both domains, ERα46 lacks the AF-1 domain, and ERα36 lacks both the AF-1 and AF-2 domains. …
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Nature of Large Vesicle Exocytosis in Pancreatic β-cells: Release of ATP and GABA
… expression of P2X2 receptor channel in secreting cells. The presence of ATP sensitive channel on the cell membrane permitted the electrical detection of minute (amoles) quantities of ATP and thus created a possibility to measure ATP released from a single insulin granule. The release of peptides …
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Omics Techniques Applied to Diabetes Research - Focus on HSL-Null Mice and Clonal β-Cells
… fingerprint which is characteristic for β-cells cultured at high glucose concentrations was obtained.
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Genistein-Induced Potentiation Effect on Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion (GSIS) in INS-1 β-cells
… and, moreover, are cytotoxic to beta cells under long-term exposure. Genistein, a isoflavonoid phytoestrogen isolated from soy bean seed and having tyrosin kinase inhibition activity, had a potentiation effect on GSIS (glucose-stimulated insulin secretion) in pancreatic INS-1 beta …
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ENDOTHELIAL- EPITHELIAL INTERACTIONS Blood vessels friends or foes?
… In type 1 diabetes the insulin producing β cells in the islet of Langerhans are destroyed by the immune system. The β cells, which are located in the pancreas, regulate blood glucose levels. The lack of insulin production requires administration of insulin. This is accomplished by insulin …
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Beta Cell Heterogeneity in the Acute Interferon Alpha Response
… destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreatic islet. This autoimmunity is hypothesized to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors, with early childhood viral infection being a leading hypothesis for the latter. In response to viral infections, the …
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THE VASCULAR RESPONSE WITHIN THE ISLET DURING BETA CELL DEVELOPMENT AND REGENERATION
… that involves the apoptosis of immature β cells and their replacement with adult β cells. To further elucidate this mechanism and the potential role of the vascular system, neonatal rats were injected with streptozotocin to exacerbate this normal loss of β cells. Immunohistochemical and …
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Erythropoietin Signaling in Pancreatic Beta Cells in Homeostasis and in Models of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
… exerts cytoprotective effects on non-erythroid cells. However, the in vivo role of EPO on the pancreatic β cells has not been evaluated to date. We hypothesized that EPO would have direct cytoprotective effects on the pancreatic β cells and provide protection against experimental models of …
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TMEM27: A Cleaved and Shed Plasma Membrane Protein That Stimulates Pancreatic Beta Cell Proliferation
… the replication of terminally differentiated β cells are unclear. In this thesis I report the identification of a gene encoding transmembrane protein 27 (TMEM27) in pancreatic β cells. Expression of Tmem27 is reduced in Tcf1-/- mice, which exhibit defects in proliferation, and is increased in …
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Development of orthogonally crosslinked thiol-ene hydrogels for encapsulation of pancreatic beta-cells
… destruction of insulin-producing β-cells. Effective encapsulation strategies can protect the transplanted islets from direct attack by host immune cells while maintaining insulin secretion. To achieve this goal, I have developed a hydrogel conformal coating using a visible …
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Transglutaminase in the life and death of the pancreatic β-cell
… to the insulin-secretion function of β-cells, and associated diabetic disorders. The functional roles of TG2 in the pancreas were investigated in the present study using in vitro models of rat pancreatic insulinoma β-cells (BRIN-BD11), and ex vivo islet of Langerhans models from human, …
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Microfluidic Assessment of Stem Cell-Derived Pancreatic Beta Cells
… traditional methods of perifusional analysis of cells, pancreatic β cells in particular, involve the utilization of costly equipment exhibiting difficulties in setup and inflexibilities in operation and application. Microfluidic devices in general are inexpensive, easy to fabricate and are …
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Maf and Mitf transcription factors regulate pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation and function
… or dysfunction of pancreatic insulin producing β cells or development of insulin resistance. In Type 1 diabetes β cells are destroyed in the process of an autoimmune attack, whereas in Type 2 diabetes, islets produce insufficient amounts of insulin or the insulin cannot be used adequately. So far, …
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Advanced glycation end product precursors in diabetes: a crucial link between oxidative stress and inflammation?
… in both monocytes and pancreatic β-cells.<br/><br/>In this work several new and important observations have been made regarding the action of α-dicarbonyls on oxidative stress and inflammation. 1) The amount of oxidative species production by α-dicarbonyls in glycation reactions with …
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Targeted Epigenetic Editing to Increase Adult Pancreatic Β-Cell Proliferation
… One strategy to increase the supply of human β-cells for transplantation in type 1 diabetics, or to increase residual β-cell mass in type 2 diabetics, is to induce human β-cell replication. This strategy has not been implemented clinically because adult human β-cells are largely quiescent and …
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Studies in beta cells and adipocytes in the context of obesity and T2D - focusing on PDE3B, OPN and SCFAs
… and reduced insulin exocytosis from pancreatic β-cells. Obesity, which dramatically increases worldwide, is associated with insulin resistance and T2D. In this thesis, we elucidate the effects of hormones and nutrients on biological responses and regulatory mechanisms in pancreatic β-cells and …
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Regulating Distinct Cell Lineages in the Pancreatic Islet
… with a loss of functioning insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas. Understanding the mechanism of normal islet and β cell development will be an important step in developing possible treatments for the disease. Nkx2.2 is essential for proper β cell differentiation. Nkx2.2 mice show a complete …
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Nutrient sensing by the mTORC1 pathway in physiology
… of the mTORC1 pathway in pancreatic β cells. We found that this shift is required for β cells to acquire glucose-responsive insulin secretion after birth. We further demonstrated that modulating nutrient-responsive mTORC1 activity can be therapeutically exploited to improve the …
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Identification of genipin as a potential treatment for type 2 diabetes
… insulin resistance, and the dysfunction of β-cells. While there are several therapies for T2D, there is no effective treatment that can reverse the functional decline of pancreatic β cells in T2D patients. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone secreted by human intestinal L …
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