Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
Results
Showing 1 to 20 of 21 for “"β cell function"”.
-
The impact of glucotoxicity on pancreatic β-cell function
… glucose levels which negatively influence β-cells and cause impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The aim of present thesis was to investigate the impact of long-term hyperglycemia on the pancreatic islet β-cell function. The data showed abnormally increased expression of …
-
Mechanisms of High Glucose-induced Decrease in β-cell Function
… a hallmark of type 2 diabetes, can decrease β-cell function and mass (β-cell glucotoxicity); however, the mechanisms are incompletely understood. The objective was to examine the mechanisms of β-cell glucotoxicity using in vivo and ex vivo models. The hypothesis is that oxidative stress plays a …
-
Search for molecular and metabolic mechanisms contributing to impaired β-cell function
… The link between genotype, environment and β-cell function is still being investigated. I have devoted the work presented in this thesis to attempt to elucidate the coupling of β-cell metabolism to insulin secretion and to look for casual mechanisms underlying metabolic alterations disturbing …
-
The Parotid Salivary Glands. I. Potential Role of a Parotid Factor Modulating Pancreatic β-Cell Function. II. An Immunohistological Study to Identify Parotid Hormone Secreting Cell(s)
… is more complex than its recognized salivary function. Various investigators have suggested an intriguing relationship between the parotids and the pancreas, both endocrine and exocrine in nature.</p> <p>We studied in rats the contribution of salivary glands in the regulation of β-cell …
-
The Roles of Free Fatty Acids and Inflammation in β-Cell Dysfunction
β-cell lipotoxicity refers to the adverse effects of chronically elevated plasma free fatty acids on β-cell function and mass and plays an important role in type 2 diabetes. The objective of my thesis was to investigate the role of inflammation in fat-induced β-cell dysfunction in vivo. I used in …
-
Beta Cell Heterogeneity in the Acute Interferon Alpha Response
… destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreatic islet. This autoimmunity is hypothesized to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors, with early childhood viral infection being a leading hypothesis for the latter. In response to viral infections, the …
-
Assessment and Treatment of Impaired Insulin- Secretion and Action in Type 2 Diabetes
… a simple method for independent measurement of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity at the same time (combined glucagon-insulin tolerance test, GITT) has been developed (Paper I). We also evaluated the effect of a TZD (pioglitazone) and a long-acting insulin (glargine) as add-on in the …
-
Maf and Mitf transcription factors regulate pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation and function
… homeostasis is partially caused by loss or dysfunction of pancreatic insulin producing β cells or development of insulin resistance. In Type 1 diabetes β cells are destroyed in the process of an autoimmune attack, whereas in Type 2 diabetes, islets produce insufficient amounts of insulin or the …
-
Mechanisms by which variants in the TCF7L2 gene increase the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes
… the risk T-allele of rs7903146 with impaired β cell function including glucose- and incretin-stimulated insulin secretion and β cell survival. The aim of this thesis is to elucidate the function of TCF7L2 in the β cells and explain the mechanisms by which genetic variants in TCF7L2 confer the …
-
Estrogen and Serotonin – old dogs, new tricks, Implications for pancreatic beta-cell function
… different receptors on the pancreatic islet cells, for instance G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). When activated, these receptors are able to fine-tune islet hormone secretion and regulate overall β-cell function. Estrogen and serotonin are circulating factors that bind to GPCRs. First, we …
-
The Role of Sox17 in Normal and Pathological Beta Cell
… which are also known regulators of postnatal β cell function. Our data shows that Sox17 is expressed in all islet cells. Thus, we hypothesize that Sox17 is a key modulator of β cell homeostasis.</p><p>In the course of this study, we discovered a novel role for Sox17 in regulating insulin …
-
Erythropoietin Signaling in Pancreatic Beta Cells in Homeostasis and in Models of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
… in all forms of diabetes is the insufficient functional β-cell mass to maintain euglycemia; therefore, the promotion of β-cell survival and growth is a fundamental goal for diabetes prevention and treatment. Evidence has suggested that erythropoietin (EPO) exerts cytoprotective effects on …
-
Genetic and epigenetic influence on oxidative phosphorylation, islet function and type 2 diabetes in humans
… by impaired insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. Mitochondrial ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is known to play a critical regulatory role in glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The overall aim of this thesis was to …
-
The non-canonical NF-kappaB pathway as a novel player in beta cell dysfunction in diabetes
Loss of pancreatic β cell mass and function is a feature of both type-1 and type-2 diabetes. The non-canonical NF-κB pathway has recently garnered attention at being involved in the development of peripheral insulin resistance (liver, muscle) in diabetes. Whether pancreatic β cell non-canonical …
-
Studies in beta cells and adipocytes in the context of obesity and T2D - focusing on PDE3B, OPN and SCFAs
… and reduced insulin exocytosis from pancreatic β-cells. Obesity, which dramatically increases worldwide, is associated with insulin resistance and T2D. In this thesis, we elucidate the effects of hormones and nutrients on biological responses and regulatory mechanisms in pancreatic β-cells and …
-
Role of PARK2Gene in Maintenance of Pancreatic Beta Cell Functions
… that contribute to causing mitochondrial dysfunction have been recently suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of T2D as well as in neurodegenerative diseases. By performing a candidate-gene association analysis of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 28 mitophagy-related …
-
Pharmacokinetics and effect of pioglitazone in obese, insulin-resistant cats
… control, lipid profiles, and pancreatic β-cell function in diabetics, pioglitazone decreases hepatic triglyceride content in humans with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cats, like humans, are predisposed by obesity to a form of diabetes characterized by peripheral insulin resistance and …
-
Creation of Versatile Cloning Platforms for Transgene Expression and Epigenome Editing and Their Application to Pancreatic Islet Biology
<p>Insulin secreting β-cells within the pancreatic islets of Langerhans are vital to maintaining glycemic control. β-cell functional mass is lost during the progression to both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus, resulting in hyperglycemia. Therefore, a major goal of diabetes research is to …
-
The effects of hypoxis hemerocallidea on blood glucose levels in rats with Type 2 diabetes
… effects on insulin secretion by pancreatic islet cells exposed to low (3mM) and high (20mM) glucose medium. Results of the acute study indicated that HHS at a dose 800 mg/ml decreased blood glucose levels fastest in both normal and diabetic rats reaching significance after 30 minutes and 60 …
-
RNA Interference for Improving the Outcome of Islet Transplantation and Polymeric Micelle‑based Nanomedicine for Cancer Therapy
… of radical nitric oxide (NO) impair islet β cell function. Therefore, we hypothesized that iNOS gene silencing could prevent β cell death. In Chapter 3, we designed and used siRNA to silence iNOS gene in a rat β cell line and human islets. We found that siRNA inhibited rat iNOS gene …
Page 1 of 2