Phenology, impact, and rearing of Lycorma delicatula (White) (Spotted Lanternfly) in Virginia

The spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), is a new invasive insect from Asia that is currently spreading in the Mid-Atlantic region of the US, where it has become a pest of economic concern for many industries in their invaded range. The purpose of this research was to document L. delicatula phenology in Virginia, their feeding impact to trees, and to test a rearing protocol in quarantine laboratory conditions. First, using field plots and weekly observational surveys, L. delicatula phenology was documented in 2019 and 2020 in Winchester, Virginia. I showed that L. delicatula were active from late April into November for each sampling year, and that the timing of life stage events varied only slightly between years. I also calculated cumulative average growing degree days for each life stage event using a lower developmental threshold of 10°C. Additionally, I confirmed that the host range of L. delicatula narrows as they progress through development. These results will help growers and land managers develop integrated pest management plans targeting L. delicatula. Second, dendrochronological methods were used to quantify L. delicatula feeding injury to Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae), Juglans nigra L. (Fagales: Juglandaceae), and Liriodendron tulipifera L. (Magnoliales: Magnoliaceae). Two sites in Pennsylvania that have experienced high populations and heavy feeding pressure from L. delicatula since 2016 were used to collect tree cores for analysis. I found evidence suggesting L. delicatula is capable of reducing the growth of A. altissima, but did not find the same evidence in the wood of the other tree species tested. Additionally, I found evidence that systemic insecticide treatments may reduce or prevent damage to A. altissima fed on by L. delicatula. Additional dendrochronological studies on the damage inflicted by L. delicatula feeding could shed light on the long-term impact of this new invasive tree pest. Lastly, a protocol for rearing L. delicatula was tested inside Virginia Tech's Insect Quarantine Laboratory. Three different cuttings of A. altissima (apical meristems, epicormic shoots, and field collected foliage) were tested to determine the best food source for L. delicatula in quarantine laboratory conditions. Overall, I did not find a significant difference between food treatments, however a greater proportion of third instars developed into fourth instars in the apical meristem treatment. I suggest future L. delicatula rearing research include the use of potted plants and/or multiple species. Though I had low success in rearing adult L. delicatula to produce egg masses, this method may prove useful for rearing early instars from eggs or sustaining field collected specimens for short durations. Research expanding our knowledge of L. delicatula will help us reach our goal of more effectively managing this pest species in the future.

Name thesis:degree_name

Master of Science in Life Sciences

Level thesis:degree_level

masters

Discipline thesis:degree_discipline

Entomology

Department dc:contributor.department

Entomology

Grantor dc:publisher

Virginia Tech

Year dc:date.issued

2021

Author dc:creator

• Dechaine, Andrew C.

Chairs dc:contributor.committeechair

• Kuhar, Thomas P.
• Pfeiffer, Douglas G.

Committee members dc:contributor.committeemember

• Leskey, Tracy C.
• Salom, Scott M.

• Phenology
• dendrochronology
• Ailanthus altissima
• tree-of-heaven
• rearing
• quarantine

Statement dc:rights

• In Copyright

Licence dc:rights.uri

• http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/

Language dc:language.iso

en

Dc Identifier Other

vt_gsexam:29239

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/102930