Anthelmintic Screening, Phytochemical Analysis and Cytotoxicity Determination of the Indigenous Plants of the U.S.A. Northern Great Plains

<p><em>Haemonchus contortus</em> is a common, global, ruminant parasite. The major strategies for controlling this parasite involve the utilization of conventional anthelminthics. The appearance of anthelmintic resistance with the overuse of anthelmintics has created a greater need to look for the alternative source for anthelmintics. Therefore, this thesis focuses on evaluating medicinal plants from the USA Northern Great Plains for anthelmintic activity against <em>H. contortus</em>. Initially, 40 plant extracts were screened with an egg hatch assay, and the 8 plants with the highest activity in this assay were further screened with a larval migration assay.<em> Ericameria nauseosa and Rhus aromatica</em> exhibited the highest activity in both assays, and were, therefore, further evaluated in a larval development assay. For both plants, inhibition of egg hatching, development of first and second stage larvae, and migration of third stage larvae were all dose dependent at the concentrations tested. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, essential oils, and hydrolysable tannins in both plants, however, condensed tannins were only detected in <em>R. aromatica</em>. Cytotoxicity of the methanolic extracts from both plants was examined using normal swine intestinal epithelial cells<em> (IPEC-J2)</em> with an alamarBlue assay and a BrdU assay. Both assays showed that the methanolic extracts from both plants were toxic to the IPECJ2 cells at high concentrations, with ED50 value 4.93 mg/ml for <em>E. nauseosa</em> and 9.63 mg/ml for R. aromatica in the alamarBlue assay, and 4.34 mg/ml for<em> E. nauseosa</em> and 5.17 mg/ml for<em> R. aromatica</em> in the BrdU assay. Because of availability, it was possible to evaluate the in vivo effect of<em> R. aromatica</em> on egg output in sheep naturally infected with<em> H. contortus</em>. Feeding R. aromatica leaves to sheep for 9 days did not cause any obvious health problems for sheeps used in the in vivo study, but it also did not cause a statistically significant decrease in<em> Haemonchus</em> egg output. The results from this study suggests the need for future studies on the in vivo activity of<em> E. nauseosa</em>, and also additional studies to further identify the compounds present in <em>E. nauseosa</em> and<em> R. aromatica</em> that possess nematocidal activity.</p>

Name thesis:degree_name

Master of Science (MS)

Level thesis:degree_level

Thesis - University Access Only

Discipline thesis:degree_discipline

Biology and Microbiology

Year dc:date.available

2013

Author dc:creator

• Acharya, Jyotsna

Contributors dc:contributor

• R. Neil Reese

• Microbiology
• Plant Biology

Statement dc:rights

• <p>In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted<br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/</a></p>

Language dc:language

en

Repository record dc:identifier

https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/1362

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:openprairie.sdstate.edu:etd-2362