Abstract
dc:description.abstract<p>Water scarcity is one of the most challenging issues in the world in the 21st century. It is estimated that there are more than one billion of people without adequate access to freshwater and facing water shortages and water deficits. People are forced to drink polluted water despite the risk of consuming pathogenic microorganisms in the water that transmit waterborne diseases such as bacterial infections, protozoal infections and viral infections. The water disinfection process is one of the most important environmental technological advances in the 20th century which inactivates microbial contaminants in drinking water. Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are a group of chemical compounds formed from the reaction between natural organic matter and chemical disinfectants. The formation of DBPs in drinking water has caused serious health concerns since the discovery of trihalomethanes in chlorinated drinking waters in the 1970s. Many studies have evaluated factors affecting the formation of DBPs within water treatment plants. Relatively less is known about the fate of DBPs in the distribution system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of pH and temperature on the degradation of total organic chlorine (TOC1), bromine (TOBr) and iodine (TOI). In this study, we produced TOC1 (Cl<sub>2</sub>), TOBr, TOI, and TOC1 (NC<sub>2</sub>Cl) from reactions between Suwannee River fulvic acid and chlorine, bromine, iodine and chloramine, respectively. The impact of different pH values (7.0, 8.3 and 9.5) and temperatures (10°C, 20°C, 30°C, and 55°C) on the degradation of these DBPs was investigated after oxidant residuals were exhausted. The results show that halogenated DBPs degrade through based-catalyzed dehalogenation processes. The degradation of TOC1, TOBr, and TOI increased with increasing pH values. Increasing temperatures also increased the degradation kinetics of these DBPs. Iodinated DBPs were less stable than brominated DBPs, which again were less stable than chlorinated DBPs. Relatively high degradation kinetics were also found for chloraminated DBPS. In general, the relative stability of different DBPs are in the order of TOC! (Cl<sub>2</sub>)>TOBr>TOI≈TOC1 (NH<sub>2</sub>CL).</p>
Degree
thesis:*- Name thesis:degree_name
- Master of Science (MS)
- Level thesis:degree_level
- Thesis - Open Access
- Discipline thesis:degree_discipline
- Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Year dc:date.available
- 2015
Author and committee
dc:creator, dc:contributor.*- Author dc:creator
-
- Rahman, Sm Shamimur
- Contributors dc:contributor
-
- Guanghui Hua
Subjects
dc:subject × 6Rights
dc:rights- Language dc:language
- en
Identifiers
dc:identifier.*- Repository record dc:identifier
- https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/5
- OAI identifier oai:identifier
- oai:openprairie.sdstate.edu:etd-1005