Sound propagation around underwater seamounts

In the ocean, low frequency acoustic waves propagate with low attenuation and cylindrical spreading loss over long-ranges, making them an effective tool for underwater source localization, tomography, and communications. Underwater mountains, or seamounts, are ubiquitous throughout the world's oceans and can absorb and scatter acoustic energy, offering many interesting acoustic modeling challenges. The goal of the research performed in support of this thesis is to measure the acoustic scattered field of a large, conical seamount at long-range, and reconcile observations with 2-D range-dependent acoustic models, for the purpose of understanding the effects of highly range-dependent bathymetry. The Basin Acoustic Seamount Scattering Experiment (BASSEX) was conducted to measure the scattered fields of the two seamounts which form the Kermit-Roosevelt Seamount Complex in the Northeast Pacific Ocean during September and October of 2004. The experiment used fixed and ship-deployed acoustic sources transmitting m-sequence signals at 68.2 and 250 Hz carrier frequencies, with 35 and 83 Hz bandwidth, respectively. The receiver was a towed hydrophone array with 3 m sensor spacing, cut for 250 Hz. BASSEX is the first experiment to measure acoustic arrival patterns in the scattered field of a seamount at many locations at sound path ranges of order 500 km, utilizing a rich bathymetry and sound velocity database. Convergence zones in the forward-scattered field of seamounts at long-range are observed, created by higher order mode coupling and blockage. Acoustic ray arrival angles, travel times, and amplitudes show good agreement with parabolic equation (PE) acoustic modeling results inside the forward-scattered fields; in particular, simulated results are fairly accurate for weak surface-reflected-bottom-reflected acoustic rays. The width of the forward-scattered field is shown to span the projected width of a seamount.

Department dc:contributor.department

Joint Program in Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering

Grantor dc:publisher

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Year dc:date.issued

2009

Author dc:creator

• Sikora, Joseph J., III

Advisor dc:contributor.advisor

• Arthur B. Baggeroer.

• Joint program in Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering.
• Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.
• Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.

Statement dc:rights

• M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission.

Licence dc:rights.uri

• http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582

Language dc:language.iso

eng

Handle dc:identifier.uri

http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58863

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/58863