Who Influences Your Outcomes? The Effect of Culture and Ethnic Origin, Neighborhood and Peers on Personal Income: A Spatial Econometric Analysis of New York City

<p>Being a “social animal”, each person is inherently embedded into a complex structure of social relations. He has role models to aspire to, conformity rules to follow, and expectations to meet. This paper explores the different social influences each person experiences in life. Specifically, I consider how a person’s ethnic community, age reference group, occupational and industry group peers, and residential area neighbors affect his total income. I introduce a novel model of multiple social networks and discuss various identification implications. I apply the model empirically to New York City, which naturally is a very favorable environment to test for multiple social effects. The study uses generous person-level American Community Survey data that cover rich geographic, ethnic, demographic, and employment characteristics. The sample consists of five pooled cross-sections, resulting in about 270,000 observations. I analyze a model with spatial lags in dependent variable SARAR(1,0), a model with spatial lags in disturbance term SARAR(0,1), and a model with spatial lags in both dependent variable and error SARAR(1,1). I address self-selection into groups by correcting the empirical model for neighborhood choice and occupation choice. The main finding of the dissertation is that a person’s income is affected by his occupational group within his neighborhood, by people of the same occupation and industry, by people of the same age group, and by his ethnic group within his neighborhood. Additionally, people that work in the same industry and the same neighborhood have their unobserved characteristics correlated.</p>

Name thesis:degree_name

Doctor of Philosophy

Level thesis:degree_level

Doctoral

Discipline thesis:degree_discipline

Economics

Grantor

The Graduate School and University Center of The City University of New York

Year dc:date.available

2017

Author dc:creator

• Arakelyan, Anna

Advisor dc:contributor.advisor

• Wim Vijverberg

Committee members dc:contributor.committeemember

• Karna Basu
• Chu-Ping Vijverberg

• Econometrics
• Income Distribution
• Labor Economics
• social networks
• group effects
• spatial econometrics
• New York City

Repository record dc:identifier

https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/2233

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:academicworks.cuny.edu:gc_etds-3269