Towards novel luminescent probes for monitoring β- galactosidase activity

This thesis describes efforts made towards the synthesis of a biologically stable, luminescent molecular probe, which could be used to investigate in vivo the processing of sugars by β-galactosidases. To this end, a lactose-based probe was designed, featuring a Lanthanide held within a chelate and appended to the glucosyl unit, and a proximal naphthyl moiety, attached to the galactose unit, which would function as a sensitiser for luminescence. A β-galactosidase enzyme from B. circulans was chosen to carry out the investigation. A number of novel methyl glucosides, functionalised with a naphthyl moiety at C6 of the sugar, were prepared. These were then used as glycosyl acceptors to make disaccharides (lactose analogues), with the enzyme (functioning in reverse) catalysing the glycosylation. The enzymatic reaction was optimised by varying the amount of enzyme, the reaction pH, the ratio of glycosyl acceptor to donor, the reaction temperature, concentration and solvent mixture. The optimal conditions were found to be a 0.4 M reaction solution at pH 7.0 with 20% acetonitrile, a 7:1 ratio of glycosyl acceptor to donor, 19.6 U of enzyme per mmol of acceptor, and a reaction temperature of 30°C. The resulting disaccharide products exhibited unusual regioselectivity for the β-galactosidase from B. circulans, with unexpected β(1→3) and β(1→2) glycosidic linkages being formed. In an effort to increase the efficiency of the process of identifying suitable substrates for the enzyme, a dynamic combinatorial chemistry approach was also explored. This used disulfide bonds to attach the naphthyl moiety to the methyl glucoside using linkers of different lengths. From this library, the enzyme successfully processed the novel disulfide GlcOMe-S-S-CH₂Np as a glycosyl acceptor with p-nitrophenyl galactose as the glycosyl donor. This resulted in a novel disaccharide featuring a naphthyl group attached via a disulfide bond to the glucosidic residue.

Name dc:type.qualificationname

d_ph

Level dc:type.qualificationlevel

d_ph

Grantor dc:publisher.institution

University of Birmingham

Year dc:date.issued

2010

Author dc:creator

• Yates, Francesca Jo

• TP Chemical technology
• QD Chemistry